优化

src/App.tsx

@@ -770,19 +770,14 @@ export default function App() {
   ]);
 
   const pdfExportImage = useMemo(() => {
-    const printMode = workingTemplate.paper?.printColorMode ?? 'rgb';
-    const needsLosslessColor = printMode !== 'rgb';
-    const hasCode = workingTemplate.elements.some(
-      (e) => e.type === 'barcode' || e.type === 'qrcode'
-    );
-    const usePng = needsLosslessColor || hasCode;
+    const printMode = workingTemplate.paper?.printColorMode ?? 'cmyk';
     return {
-      imageFormat: usePng ? ('png' as const) : ('jpeg' as const),
-      jsPdfFormat: usePng ? ('PNG' as const) : ('JPEG' as const),
-      scale: needsLosslessColor ? 12 : 10,
+      imageFormat: 'png' as const,
+      jsPdfFormat: 'PNG' as const,
+      scale: printMode === 'cmyk' ? 14 : 12,
       jpegQuality: 0.95,
     };
-  }, [workingTemplate.elements, workingTemplate.paper?.printColorMode]);
+  }, [workingTemplate.paper?.printColorMode]);
 
   const handleExportImageFileNamePatternChange = (pattern: string) => {
     if (!activeTemplate) return;
@@ -830,7 +825,7 @@ export default function App() {
         scale: pdfExportImage.scale,
         imageFormat: pdfExportImage.imageFormat,
         jpegQuality: pdfExportImage.jpegQuality,
-        printColorMode: activeTemplate!.paper?.printColorMode ?? 'rgb',
+        printColorMode: activeTemplate!.paper?.printColorMode ?? 'cmyk',
         ...resolveReferenceBackgroundForOutput(activeTemplate!),
       }),
     [activeTemplate, pdfExportImage]

src/colorUtils.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ export function isTransparentColorValue(value?: string): boolean {
   return trimmed === '' || trimmed === 'transparent';
 }
 
+function clampByte(n: number): number {
+  return Math.max(0, Math.min(255, Math.round(n)));
+}
+
 function parseHexColor(color: string): { r: number; g: number; b: number; a: number } | null {
   const trimmed = color.trim();
   if (!trimmed.startsWith('#')) return null;
@@ -83,37 +87,81 @@ function rgbToCmyk(r: number, g: number, b: number) {
 
 function cmykToRgb(c: number, m: number, y: number, k: number) {
   return {
-    r: Math.round(255 * (1 - c) * (1 - k)),
-    g: Math.round(255 * (1 - m) * (1 - k)),
-    b: Math.round(255 * (1 - y) * (1 - k)),
+    r: 255 * (1 - c) * (1 - k),
+    g: 255 * (1 - m) * (1 - k),
+    b: 255 * (1 - y) * (1 - k),
   };
 }
 
-/** 总墨量限制，避免过饱和（典型印刷 TAC ≈ 280–300%） */
-function limitTotalInk(c: number, m: number, y: number, k: number, maxInk = 2.85) {
+/** 灰成分替换（GCR），中性色更多走 K 通道，印刷更稳定 */
+function applyGrayComponentReplacement(c: number, m: number, y: number, k: number) {
+  const gray = Math.min(c, m, y);
+  if (gray <= 0.01) return { c, m, y, k };
+  const gcr = gray * 0.85;
+  return {
+    c: c - gcr,
+    m: m - gcr,
+    y: y - gcr,
+    k: Math.min(1, k + gcr),
+  };
+}
+
+/** 总墨量限制（TAC），典型 280–300% */
+function limitTotalInk(c: number, m: number, y: number, k: number, maxInk = 2.8) {
   const total = c + m + y + k;
   if (total <= maxInk || total <= 0) return { c, m, y, k };
   const scale = maxInk / total;
   return { c: c * scale, m: m * scale, y: y * scale, k: k * scale };
 }
 
+/** 网点扩大 / 纸张吸墨：印刷比屏幕略深 */
+function applyDotGain(r: number, g: number, b: number, amount: number): [number, number, number] {
+  const factor = 1 - amount;
+  return [clampByte(r * factor), clampByte(g * factor), clampByte(b * factor)];
+}
+
+/** 轻度去饱和，逼近油墨叠色效果 */
+function applyDesaturation(r: number, g: number, b: number, saturation: number): [number, number, number] {
+  const lum = 0.299 * r + 0.587 * g + 0.114 * b;
+  return [
+    clampByte(lum + (r - lum) * saturation),
+    clampByte(lum + (g - lum) * saturation),
+    clampByte(lum + (b - lum) * saturation),
+  ];
+}
+
 function transformRgbPixel(r: number, g: number, b: number, mode: PrintColorMode): [number, number, number] {
   if (mode === 'grayscale') {
     const lum = Math.round(0.299 * r + 0.587 * g + 0.114 * b);
     return [lum, lum, lum];
   }
 
-  let { c, m, y, k } = rgbToCmyk(r, g, b);
-  ({ c, m, y, k } = limitTotalInk(c, m, y, k));
-  const rgb = cmykToRgb(c, m, y, k);
-  return [rgb.r, rgb.g, rgb.b];
+  let nr = r;
+  let ng = g;
+  let nb = b;
+
+  if (mode === 'cmyk') {
+    let { c, m, y, k } = rgbToCmyk(nr, ng, nb);
+    ({ c, m, y, k } = applyGrayComponentReplacement(c, m, y, k));
+    ({ c, m, y, k } = limitTotalInk(c, m, y, k));
+    const rgb = cmykToRgb(c, m, y, k);
+    nr = rgb.r;
+    ng = rgb.g;
+    nb = rgb.b;
+    [nr, ng, nb] = applyDotGain(nr, ng, nb, 0.07);
+    return [nr, ng, nb];
+  }
+
+  // rgb：轻度印刷补偿（设计预览与导出一致，缩小与实机色差）
+  [nr, ng, nb] = applyDesaturation(nr, ng, nb, 0.9);
+  [nr, ng, nb] = applyDotGain(nr, ng, nb, 0.04);
+  return [nr, ng, nb];
 }
 
 export function applyPrintColorModeToImageData(
   imageData: ImageData,
   mode: PrintColorMode = 'rgb'
 ): void {
-  if (mode === 'rgb') return;
   const { data } = imageData;
   for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i += 4) {
     const alpha = data[i + 3];
@@ -129,7 +177,6 @@ export function applyPrintColorModeToCanvas(
   canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
   mode: PrintColorMode = 'rgb'
 ): void {
-  if (mode === 'rgb') return;
   const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d', { willReadFrequently: true });
   if (!ctx) return;
   const imageData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
@@ -138,14 +185,14 @@ export function applyPrintColorModeToCanvas(
 }
 
 export function applyPrintColorMode(color: string, mode: PrintColorMode = 'rgb'): string {
-  if (mode === 'rgb' || isTransparentColorValue(color)) return color;
+  if (isTransparentColorValue(color)) return color;
   const parsed = parseCssColor(color);
   if (!parsed) return color;
   const [r, g, b] = transformRgbPixel(parsed.r, parsed.g, parsed.b, mode);
   return formatRgba(r, g, b, parsed.a);
 }
 
-/** 解析颜色字面量或 {变量}，并应用印刷色彩模式 */
+/** 解析颜色字面量或 {变量} */
 export function resolveRenderableColor(
   raw: string | undefined,
   ctx: RenderColorContext,
@@ -167,12 +214,10 @@ export function resolveRenderableColor(
   }
 
   if (!resolved || isTransparentColorValue(resolved)) return 'transparent';
-
-  // 印刷色彩模式在整页画布合成后统一处理，避免逐色 + 全图双重转换
   return resolved;
 }
 
-/** 为渲染解析元素上的颜色字段（含变量与印刷模式） */
+/** 为渲染解析元素上的颜色字段（含变量） */
 export function resolveElementColorsForRender(
   elem: TemplateElement,
   ctx: RenderColorContext

src/components/CanvasLabelImage.tsx

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export const CanvasLabelImage: React.FC<CanvasLabelImageProps> = ({
   referenceBackgroundOpacity,
   referenceBackgroundFit,
   renderScale = 16,
-  printColorMode = 'rgb',
+  printColorMode = 'cmyk',
 }) => {
   const [dataUrl, setDataUrl] = useState<string>('');
   const [initialLoading, setInitialLoading] = useState<boolean>(true);

src/components/LabelDesigner.tsx

@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ export const LabelDesigner: React.FC<LabelDesignerProps> = ({
     () => template.variableDefaults ?? null,
     [template.variableDefaults]
   );
-  const printColorMode = template.paper?.printColorMode ?? 'rgb';
+  const printColorMode = template.paper?.printColorMode ?? 'cmyk';
 
   const showReferencePreview = useMemo(
     () =>

src/components/PreviewGrid.tsx

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ const paperEquals = (a: PaperConfig, b: PaperConfig) =>
   a.columnGap === b.columnGap &&
   a.rowGap === b.rowGap &&
   a.flow === b.flow &&
-  (a.printColorMode ?? 'rgb') === (b.printColorMode ?? 'rgb');
+  (a.printColorMode ?? 'cmyk') === (b.printColorMode ?? 'cmyk');
 
 export const PaperSettingsPanel: React.FC<PaperSettingsPanelProps> = ({
   paper,
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ export const PaperSettingsPanel: React.FC<PaperSettingsPanelProps> = ({
             <div>
               <label className={labelClass}>色彩模式</label>
               <FieldSelect
-                value={draftPaper.printColorMode ?? 'rgb'}
+                value={draftPaper.printColorMode ?? 'cmyk'}
                 onChange={(e) =>
                   patchDraftPaper({ printColorMode: e.target.value as PrintColorMode })
                 }
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ export const PaperSettingsPanel: React.FC<PaperSettingsPanelProps> = ({
                 ))}
               </FieldSelect>
               <p className={`${isPs || isMobile ? 'text-[9px] text-[#666]' : 'text-[10px] text-gray-500'} mt-1 leading-relaxed`}>
-                预览与导出时对整页位图统一处理；CMYK 含总墨量限制，色彩模式非 RGB 时强制 PNG 导出以减少损色
+                设计预览、排版预览与导出/打印使用同一套色彩处理；推荐 CMYK 模式。实机仍受打印机驱动影响，请以打样为准
               </p>
             </div>
           </div>
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ export const LayoutPreview: React.FC<LayoutPreviewProps> = ({
                               rowIndex={item.sourceIndex}
                               showBorder={false}
                               mode="output"
-                              printColorMode={paper.printColorMode ?? 'rgb'}
+                              printColorMode={paper.printColorMode ?? 'cmyk'}
                               {...referenceBackgroundRender}
                             />
                           </div>

src/labelRenderer.ts

@@ -795,9 +795,7 @@ export async function renderLayoutPageBackgroundDataUrl(
   drawImageWithFit(ctx, img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height, options.fit);
   ctx.restore();
 
-  if (printColorMode !== 'rgb') {
-    applyPrintColorModeToCanvas(canvas, printColorMode);
-  }
+  applyPrintColorModeToCanvas(canvas, printColorMode);
 
   return imageFormat === 'jpeg'
     ? canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', 0.95)
@@ -1044,9 +1042,7 @@ export async function renderLabelToDataUrl(options: RenderLabelOptions): Promise
 
   ctx.restore();
 
-  if (printColorMode !== 'rgb') {
-    applyPrintColorModeToCanvas(canvas, printColorMode);
-  }
+  applyPrintColorModeToCanvas(canvas, printColorMode);
 
   return imageFormat === 'jpeg'
     ? canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', jpegQuality)

src/pdfExport.ts

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ async function addPageBackgroundIfNeeded(
   const options = resolveLayoutPageBackgroundForOutput(template);
   if (!options) return;
 
-  const printColorMode = paper.printColorMode ?? 'rgb';
+  const printColorMode = paper.printColorMode ?? 'cmyk';
   const key = `${options.background}|${options.opacity}|${options.fit}|${paperW}|${paperH}|${imageFormat}|${printColorMode}`;
   if (cache.key !== key) {
     cache.key = key;

src/types.ts

@@ -340,9 +340,9 @@ export type PaperType = 'A4' | 'A5' | 'A6' | 'custom';
 export type PrintColorMode = 'rgb' | 'grayscale' | 'cmyk';
 
 export const PRINT_COLOR_MODE_LABELS: Record<PrintColorMode, string> = {
-  rgb: '标准 RGB',
+  rgb: '标准（轻度印刷补偿）',
   grayscale: '黑白（灰度）',
-  cmyk: 'CMYK（印刷模拟）',
+  cmyk: 'CMYK 印刷模拟（推荐）',
 };
 
 export interface PaperConfig {

src/utils.ts

@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_PAPER_CONFIG: PaperConfig = {
   columnGap: 0,
   rowGap: 0,
   flow: 'left-right-top-bottom',
-  printColorMode: 'rgb',
+  printColorMode: 'cmyk',
 };
 
 /** 根据纸张排版参数反算单个标签尺寸 (mm) */